Historically, we have treated orthopaedic conditions the same in men and women. But there is increasing evidence that sex and gender play an important role in musculoskeletal injury. Our research focuses on how sex and gender affect outcomes after musculoskeletal injury and outcomes after surgery.
Below are some examples of the research we’ve been doing. While we have made a lot of advancements in sports medicine, we’re just starting to understand sex- and gender-based differences. We can use research to prevent injury and improve outcomes especially in our female athletes. Research provides an opportunity to provide better, more individualized care.
References
- Sex-based Differences in Patient Perspectives and Experiences With Shoulder, Hip, and Knee Arthroplasty.Chi H, Woolley KA, Allahabadi S, Fluet A, Roach C, Ward DT, Wong SE. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2024 Apr 19;8(4):e24.00083. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-24-00083. PMID: 38648447; PMCID: PMC11037734.
- Sex-Based Differences in the Utilization of Shoulder, Hip, and Knee Arthroplasty. Woolley KA, Chi H, Allahabadi S, Fluet A, Roach C, Ward DT, Wong SE. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2023 Aug 7;7(8):e23.00022. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-23-00022. PMID: 37549367; PMCID: PMC10586858.
- A 5-Year Update and Comparison of Factors Related to the Sex Diversity of Orthopaedic Residency Programs in the United States. Julian KR, Anand M, Sobel AD, Mulcahey MK, Wong SE. JB JS Open Access. 2023 Mar 7;8(1):e22.00116. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.22.00116. PMID: 36896147; PMCID: PMC9990829.
- Persistent Lack of Female Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Fellows. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. Lavorgna TR, Gupta S, Maginnis C, Saraf SM, Stamm MA, Wong SE, Mulcahey MK. 2023 May 18;5(4):100725. doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.02.016. PMID: 37645400; PMCID: PMC10461135.
- Gender and Racial Diversity Among the Head Medical and Athletic Training Staff of Women’s Professional Sports Leagues. Wilson J, Agha O, Wiggins AJ, Diaz A, Jones KJ, Feeley BT, Pandya NK, Wong SE. Orthop J Sports Med. 2023 Feb 20;11(2):23259671221150447. doi: 10.1177/23259671221150447. PMID: 36846816; PMCID: PMC9944185.
- Healthcare Disparities in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Comparison of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Incidence Proportions With US Census-Derived Demographics. Solarczyk JK, Roberts HJ, Wong SE, Ward DT. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2023 Jul 6;7(7):e22.00271. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-22-00271. PMID: 37410658; PMCID: PMC10328594.
- Gender Influences on Shoulder Arthroplasty. Hung NJ, Wong SE. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2022 Feb;15(1):21-26. doi: 10.1007/s12178-021-09737-0. Epub 2022 Jan 4. PMID: 34982405; PMCID: PMC8804121.
- Complications and re-operations after extensor mechanism repair surgery in a large cross-sectional cohort: females and tobacco-users at highest risk for adverse outcomes Oeding JF, Alrabaa R, Wong SE, Zhang AL, Feeley B, Ma CB, Lansdown DA. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023 Feb;31(2):455-463. doi: 10.1007/s00167-022-07061-9. Epub 2022 Jul 16. Erratum in: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2023 Feb;31(2):464. doi: 10.1007/s00167-022-07114-z. PMID: 35841396.
- The effect of patient gender on outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Wong SE, Pitcher AA, Ding DY, Cashman N, Zhang AL, Ma CB, Feeley BT. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017 Nov;26(11):1889-1896. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.07.013. Epub 2017 Sep 11. PMID: 28911814.